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Basic Turkish 

Alphabet and Pronounciation

Basic Information

Grammer

Vowel Harmony

Vowel Harmony 2

Consonant Changes

Suffixes

Plurals

Personal Pronouns

Possession

'To Be' Positive Tense

'To Be' Negative Tense

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'There is' and 'There isn't'

'Let....'

'If.....'

Apparently

Necessity

 

Consonant Changes

When a suffix starting with a vowel is added to some certain letters, these letters must change into a different letter to keep the pronounciation smooth.

These letters are:

 

Original letter

changes to..

k

p

b

ç

c

k

g

t

d

 

Examples

For these examples we will use the '-(i/ /u/ü)m' (my....) suffix.

The '-(i/ /u/ü)' is only used if the last letter is a consonant, otherwise just 'm' is added.

 

bed - yatak

my bed - yata m

 

dolap - cupbard

my cupbard - dolab m

 

t kaç - plug

t kac m - my plug

 

köpek - dog

köpeim - my dog

 

kurt - wolf

kurdum - my wolf

 

If the last letter is either k/p/ç/k/t, when a suffix beginning with 'd' is added, the first letter of the suffix changes. This occurs in suffixes such as '-den/-dan' (from) and '-de/-da' (in/at/on).

 

Examples

bed - yatak

from the bed - yataktan

köpek - dog

köpekta - on the dog

 

 

Test yourself!

Using this vocabulary, change the suffixes accordingly:

 

wolf - kurt

dictionary - sözlük

purpose - amaç

milk - süt

ticket - bilet

bed - yatak

dolap - cupbard

 

example - my wolf - kurdum

1) my bed - yata____________

2) from the dictionary - _______________

3) in the cupbard - _______________

4) my ticket - ______________

5) my purpose - _______________

6) my dictionary - _________________

7) from the milk - ______________

8) from the wolf - _______________

 

 

 

Answers

1) my bed - yata ym

2 sözlükten

3) dolapta

4) biledim

5) amac m

6) sözlü üm

7) sütten

8) kurttan

 

 

 

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Useful Info

Useful Words 1

Useful Words 2 (inc. Verbs)

Useful Phrases

Numbers

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Telling the time

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Useful Verbs 

gelmek - to come          gitmek - to go             kalmak - to stay                    yemek - to eat             sevmek - to love         yapmak - to do            olmak - to be     

o?enmek - to learn           ö?retmek - to teach        uyumak - to sleep            istemek - to want                ya$amak - to live

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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